Thyroid Problems

Thyroid problems are among the most common medical conditions but, because their symptoms often appear gradually, they are commonly misdiagnosed. So much evidence suggests that thyroid problems are due to an allergic or environmental cause that it seems sensible to remove those substances known to affect the thyroid to see if this corrects the condition before taking any medication.

Even though the symptoms can be uncomfortable as well as unpleasant, most thyroid problems are not serious if they are properly diagnosed and treated. If a man has a family history of thyroid problems, notices any symptoms, or is getting up in years (thyroid problems are more common as people age), he should have his thyroid gland tested. The good news is, like high cholesterol, doctors can conduct a simple blood test to check the health of your thyroid and many thyroid problems are easily treatable.

Thyroid Disease Can Cause Hair Loss

Both an overactive thyroid and an under-active thyroid can cause hair loss. Patients with an overactive thyroid gland, or hyperthyroidism, may also be symptomatic and require treatment to lower their thyroid hormone levels. Signs and symptoms of thyroid problems can be a result of either an overactive thyroid leading to too much hormone being produced causing symptoms of hyperthyroidism or an under active thyroid leading to symptoms of hypothyroidism. An imbalance in the level of these hormones (which may be brought by under-active or overactive thyroid glands)- may sometimes lead to hair thinning and hair loss. But, an overactive or under-active thyroid is not linked with a higher risk for other heart problems or an increased risk of death, researchers report.

Hypothyroidism should be suspected when you are experiencing some of the following symptoms: fatigue, muscle weakness, weight gain , appetite loss, hair loss, coarse, dry hair, dry/rough skin, recurrent infections, abnormal menses, inability to tolerate cold, decreased sex drive, depression, memory loss, muscle cramps, drooping and/or swollen eyes.

Many people notice rapid hair loss as a symptom of their hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism also known as Hashimoto’s Disease is an autoimmune disease that causes gland inflammation or thyroid sluggishness. Hypothyroidism can cause hair loss, typically frontal, and is particularly associated with thinning of the outer third of the eyebrows (syphilis also can cause loss of the outer third of the eyebrows). Hyperthyroidism can also cause hair loss, which is parietal rather than frontal. Be Patient If you’re experiencing hair loss and are just starting treatment for a hyperthyroid or hypothyroid condition, it’s likely that for most of you, the loss will slow down, and eventually stop, once hormone levels are stabilized and in the normal range.

Treatments

A wide variety of treatments are available, mostly aimed at suppressing or distracting the immune system. Some hair loss sufferers make use of so-called “clinically proven treatments” such as finasteride and topically applied minoxidil (in solution) in an attempt to prevent further loss and regrow hair.

What Is Hypothyroidism?

In later stage poor appetite, obesity, loss of reflex, alopecia[hair loss], dryness of skin, degradation of mental abilities, hoarse voice, irregularities in period, eye bags, and acute depression are observed.

Hypothyroid Problems

Hypothyroid is a form of thyroid disease and refers to an underactive thyroid. Get information about diagnosing and treating underactive thyroid symptoms, such as weight gain, fatigue and memory problems. I tried to use some diets and I … Hair problems (coarse, dry texture) (hypothyroid hair loss: head and outer edge of eyebrow ) Hearing disabilities (tinnitus, ear ringing) High cholesterol levels.

How To Restore Hair Loss

The causes many hair loss. Hormonal problems may cause hair loss. If your thyroid gland is overactive or underactive, your hair may fall out.

Thyroid Disease and Hair Loss

Like I wrote before, hair needs proper diet and nutrition, but there are so many other things that affect hair loss. Hormonal changes, some medicines, a surgery and many medical conditions also affect hair loss. Thyroid disease is one [...]

Author: Paul Rodgers

As a natural product, Provillus does not cause the side effects that prescription hair loss treatments true. Provillus is a relatively new hair loss treatment and one of the few hair loss treatments for women. Provillus is a safe alternative to prescription hair loss treatments. Find out more.

Paul Rodgers specializes in marketing natural health and beauty products

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Technorati Tags: hair loss with hypothyroidism, hair loss with thyroid disease, hypothyroidism and hair loss, symptoms of thyroid imbalance, thyroid and hair loss

One of the most difficult things that one has to deal with when suffering from hypothyroidism is finding the right diet that will help improve your health condition. A diet for hypothyroidism is recommended to help improve your medical problem. One of the many symptoms for unexplained weight gain is hypothyroidism. Therefore, it is essential that a diet for hypothyroidism be followed to help improve your physical condition.

If you have been gaining weight without finding any reason, then you should have yourself checked for potential hypothyroidism. With proper diet and exercise, you can help minimize and eliminate the weight gain caused by low thyroid levels.

Foods That Should Be Avoided:

• Foods that are high in salt content like chips.
• Iron and calcium medications and supplements or even vitamins that are high in iron can cause problems as well.
• Antacids or any ulcer medications as well as drugs that control your cholesterol levels should also be avoided since they prevent the absorption of synthetic thyroid hormones.
• If you need to take foods or supplements mentioned, then make sure to wait several hours before you take your prescribed medication.
• It is also best to avoid calcium supplements.
• Cottonseed meal and soybean flour can also inhibit the absorption of thyroid hormone as well as walnuts.

There are certain diets for hypothyroidism that you can try along with your medication. Of course, like most diets, the success of the diet relies on how determined you are to lose weight as well as how much you exercise.

• The Thyroid Diet. This diet was published in book form by author Mary Shomon. She takes note of the connection between gaining weight and your thyroid problems. She offers alternative solution to the problem of weight gain apart from the usual exercise.
• Zone Diet Plan. This diet is highly praised since it ensures that you balance your nutrient intake like proteins, carbohydrates, and fat. This diet helps to maintain and find balance in taking in the carbohydrates usually found in pastas and breads.

Generally, however, you need to be cautious about the kinds of food you take in when you’re suffering from hypothyroidism. If you experience any of the symptoms, have yourself checked right away and ask for the right diet for hypothyroidism that will work for you.

The truth about the thyroid
Hypothyroidism diet: Can certain foods increase thyroid function … There’s no truth to the so-called … Is there any truth to the hypothyroidism diet? Can certain foods increase thyroid function?

Diet For Hypothyroidism
Going on a hypothyroidism diet is not as difficult as one might think. The foods and adjustments to your diet are largely benign in nature and will often lead you to better health regardless of hypothyroidism. If you are diagnosed with [...]

Thyroid Health Diet
Thyroid Health and The Coconut DietTM While more research needs to be done, it is generally accepted that diet plays a major role in thyroid health.

The Ideal Diet for Hypothyroidism
If you have hypothyroidism is very important to know that the type of diet you follow can help you reduce your symptoms, and at the same time help you control your weight. Weight gain goes hand in hand with hypothyroidism and to some [...]

Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroid Diet
Hypothyroid Diet. Hypothyroidism (under-active thyroid) can remain undetected for years. People commonly have the symptoms of hypothyroidism even though their blood tests indicate that their thyroid function is ‘normal’.

The Perfect Diet For Hypothyroidism
One of the most difficult things that one has to deal with when suffering from hypothyroidism is finding the right diet that will help improve your health condition. A diet for hypothyroidism is recommended to help improve your medical [...]

Author: Ronnie Taggy

If you have been suffering from low thyroid levels and have been looking for a hypothyroidism cure, trying one product after another to regulate your thyroid, go to http://www.squidoo.com/thyroid-symptoms-and-natural-cures now to find out about the breakthrough product that is completely natural and has helped thousands with underactive thyroid problems…

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The thyroid gland can be found just right below the Adam’s apple. This tiny gland produces thyroid hormones that help your body function properly by regulating your metabolism and keeping your balance.

Living with hypothyroidism can be a tough situation. There are things that you should remember to do and avoid so that you won’t worsen your condition. If your thyroid is working properly, then it should regularly release thyroid hormones to keep your system functioning properly. However, for one reason or another, the gland malfunctions and produces insufficient amounts of thyroid hormones-which then causes hypothyroidism.

If you are living with hypothyroidism, it is very likely that you will experience several key and frequent symptoms that accompany the problem. Some of these symptoms can be very subtle that you would hardly notice them at first. It should be remembered, however, that hypothyroidism is a dangerous and fatal illness if left unchecked. It could lead into more serious problems; the most common of which is heart disease and joint pains. Apart from that, the usual problems that occur when living with hypothyroidism are fatigue and a lot less energy to do everyday activities. Other symptoms that can be observed when you suffer from hypothyroidism include the following:

• constipation
• muscle weakness
• dry hair and skin
• puffiness
• sensitivity to the cold
• high cholesterol levels
• weight gain
• depression
• hoarseness
• joint pains

If you are living with hypothyroidism, there are certain diets that you can take to help control the weight gain as a result of your thyroid problem. Most professionals recommend, however, that instead of pouring all of your attention and time in diets that you should instead put effort into avoiding the food that could hamper your intake of thyroid hormone. Foods that are high in salt, iron, and calcium supplements as well as ulcer medications can hamper your body’s absorption of synthetic thyroid hormone so they should be best avoided during your treatment.

“Normal” Thyroid Labs With Symptoms Of Hypothyroidism

T4 is the inactive form of thyroid hromone, and does us no good if we can’t convert itinto an active form. This thyroid underconversion issue is one of the many reasons why patients with hypothyroid symptoms go undiagnosed and [...]

Hypotyroidism Symptoms

Hypothyroidism is a condition where the body lacks a sufficient amount of low thyroid symptoms hormone. Because the inactive thyroid runs the bodys metabolism system, many of the symptoms are associated with a slow metabolism.

Signs of Thyroid Problems

If you have a low thyroid symptoms, it means that your inactive thyroid gland is not producing enough of the essential thyroid hormone. Do you suffer from fatigue, irritability, constipation, cold intolerance, muscle cramps, hair loss [...]

Thyroid Problems

It is one of most simple treatable and recoverable in Thyroid diseases. hypothyroidism, especially if you have had thyroid problems in the past. From symptoms to treatment to prevention, get the basics on thyroid problems from the experts at … Graves disease is known for its enlarged thyroid and eye problems. The thyroid gland is seldom completely inactive. 

Thyroid Hormone Replacement

Thyroid disease affects many more women than men (possibly because women need higher levels of TH) but it has no age, gender, or ethnic barriers. Patients may have some or all of the above symptoms, but may not be diagnosed for years. … Thyroxine (T4), an inactive form that is produced exclusively by the thyroid gland. Triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroid hormone.

Thyroid Dysfunction and the Obesity Epidemic

However, thyroid dysfunction requires a more personalized, integrative approach - one that you can help control by becoming an active partner in your care. First, keep an eye out for the symptoms of a low thyroid function, including [...]

By: Ron Taggy

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If left untreated, underactive thyroid symptoms can become fatal. What happens is that your body, instead of speeding up and overheating, it usually slows down in several ways whenever you experience underactive thyroid problems.

You can watch out for some prominent underactive thyroid symptoms such as the following:

• sluggishness
• fatigue
• depression
• greater sensitivity to cold
• unexplained weight gain
• dry hair and skin
• constipation
• menstrual irregularities

If you have encountered these problems in a regular basis, then you might want to have yourself checked. Similar to an overproductive thyroid hormone, underactive thyroid symptoms also pose a risk to pregnant women. This is because during the first trimester, your baby will rely on all of the thyroid hormones that you supply to it so if you have underactive thyroids then you may have insufficient thyroid hormones to give to your child. To avoid this, it would be best if you get yourself tested especially if you have a history of thyroid problems in your family.

Underactive Thyroid Symptoms: Myxedema

Myxedema is a very dangerous underactive thyroid symptom. It happens when the thyroid hormones in your body drops to very low levels, which can be fatal. People who suffer from myxedema are prone to suffering from infections and can have serious reactions to injuries, medications, and even become really sensitive to the cold temperature. Sometimes, people who suffer from this problem also slip into a coma and hypothermia could occur, dropping the body’s temperature level at a fatal low.

If you are suffering from any of these underactive thyroid symptoms then it is best to have yourself checked as soon as possible so you can obtain treatment right before the problem gets worse. Getting help as soon as possible could prevent the problem from worsening and could help avoid other serious outcomes.

Pretibial Myxedema

Hi all! I haven’t been on the forum for a while as my Graves has been in remission for quite some time now. The past month I have developed very itchy red patches all over my legs. I am very nervous that it is Pretibial Myxedema.

Myxedema Coma Treatment Information

There are many causes of myxedema coma. Injuries and other injuries, such as an effect of sober, long hypothyroidism. Myxedema blackout is considered a life-threatening complication of hypothyroidism and not taking medications in a [...]

Pretibial Myxedema: Thyroid Dermopathy and its Manifestations

Pretibial myxedema (PTM) is a skin condition primarily affecting the lower legs that occurs in patients with Graves’ disease and other autoimmune thyroid disorders.

Myxedema madness

Ok. now you’ve been warned about the dangers and evils of myxedema madness. the phrase i wanted you to pay closest attention to is “an otherwise affable person may snap at the slightest annoyance, exhibiting a degree of rage previously [...]

Hypothyroidism (Myxedema coma)

Severe hypothyroidism (myxedema) may cause coma. Treatment Hormone replacement with levothyroxine TSH levels are monitored as dose is gradually ↑ to determine optimum dose.

Myxedema Coma Information on MedicineNet.com

Learn about myxedema coma, a life-threatening complication of hypothyroidism. Symptoms include fatigue, mental impairment, cold intolerance, headaches, and more.

Myxedema Coma Treatment Information

Myxedema coma is a loss of brain function as a result of serious, long hypothyroidism. myxedema coma is considered a life-threatening complication of hypothyroidism and is much more serious side of the range of thyroid disease. … Read more…

How To Get Rid of Low Thyroid Levels

Probably one of the most dangerous consequences of having low thyroid levels is myxedema. This problem occurs when the thyroid hormone production in your system drops to a dangerously low level.

Hypothyroidism

Advanced hypothyroidism, known as myxedema, is rare, but when it occurs it can be life-threatening. Signs and symptoms include low blood pressure, decreased breathing, decreased body temperature, unresponsiveness and even coma.

Underactive Thyroids

People who suffer from myxedema are prone to suffering from infections and can have serious reactions to injuries, medications, and even become really sensitive to the cold temperature.

Author: Ronnie Taggy

If you have been displaying underactive thyroid symptoms, trying one product after another to regulate your thyroid, go to http://www.squidoo.com/thyroid-symptoms-and-natural-cures now to find out about the breakthrough product that is completely natural and has helped thousands with underactive thyroid problems…

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If you tried many diets but had a hard time to lose weight, hypothyroidism might be the reason. Here are some symptoms, besides the weight gain, associated with the low thyroid function: constipation, thinning of hair, extreme fatigue. If you have hard time losing weight and some of the other symptoms, it is better to see a medical practitioner for a check up. The underlying cause needs to be eliminated so you’ll be able to lose weight.

There is also a way for you to determine if you have a low thyroid function. Measure your body temperature first thing in the morning while in bed by putting a thermometer under the armpit. The normal range should be from 36.6 C to 36.8 C. If your temperature is lower than 36.6.C then you have an underactive thyroid.

However I would still recommend that you see a medical practitioner.

Besides the prescription medications, right foods, supplements, regular exercise and stress reduction techniques can also help you normalize the thyroid function, increase the basal metabolic rate and start losing weight.

Some supplements that support the thyroid function are selenium, zinc, Vitamin B complex. Iodine directly supports the thyroid function but taken in excess can lead to hyperthyroidism - an overactive thyroid. It is better to consume the foods high in iodine such as seaweed. Increase the consumption of carrots, spinach, whole grains, bananas and decrease the consumption of cabbages, broccoli, soy products since they interfere with the iodine absorption.

Taking steps to cure the underactive thyroid, along with right diet and exercise, can help you finally lose weight.

Know About Thyroid Medications

Symptoms of an underactive thyroid can include weight gain, fatigue, depression, mood swings, dry hair and skin, and constipation. Hypothyroidism is also associated with increased cholesterol levels which may increase the risk of [...]

The Epidemic of Low Thyroid Video

Curing low thyroid, effects of low thyroid, low functioning thyroid, low thyroid, thyroid, thyroid disorder, thyroid epidemic, weight gain and thyroid, why you have low thyroid.

Oprah’s Thyroid Problems - Did Oprah’s Thyroid Cause Weight Gain?

Oprah Winfrey, the ‘Lifestyle Queen’ blames her gaining weight to several reasons, one of which is thyroid. In a recent interview she confessed that she has [...]

Are You Suffering From Weight Gain and Fatigue?

If you’re always tired no matter how long you sleep, or if you have unexplained weight gain, in addition possible thyroid problems, you should also check for obstructive sleep apnea. This condition can suppress thyroid function [...]

Weight Gain Shockers Slideshow: Surprising Reasons You’re Gaining

Without enough thyroid hormone, the metabolism slows, making weight gain more likely. Even a thyroid functioning at the lower end of the normal range might cause weight gain. Treating hypothyroidism with medication may reverse some of [...]

Thyroid health, a year-round concern

The thyroid is located in the neck, below the Adam’s apple, said Ali. The thyroid controls a person’s metabolism, which controls weight gain and affects memory and ability to concentrate.

Underactive Thyroid Activity Could be a Reason for Weight Gain!

Researchers from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in Bethesda, Maryland found that middle-aged adults having mildly underactive thyroid gland, which still functions in the normal range, might be prone to weight gain.

Author: Lynn Alex

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You have noticed changes in your skin, hair, energy levels, weight, and even mental outlook. You just assume it’s because you are getting older. But, the changes could be a result of thyroid problems from an underactive thyroid gland. Low thyroid hormone production called hypothyroidism is common in women in fact; women older than fifty are usually more likely to have hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid in which your thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough of certain hormones. Hypothyroidism upsets the normal balance of chemical reactions in your body but does not cause symptoms in the early stage. After a simple blood test to determine any thyroid problems, treatment with synthetic thyroid hormones can be given.

The thyroid symptoms of hypothyroidism can include

• Fatigue
• Cold intolerance
• Appetite loss
• Weight gain
• High blood pressure
• Reduced sweating which can cause dry skin and brittle nails
• Thin or coarse hair or dry skin and hair
• Difficulty concentrating, memory problems
• Constipation
• Slower speech and movement
• Heavier, more frequent periods
• Muscle aches and joint pain
• Depression

The other extreme of thyroid disease is hyperthyroidism.  Symptoms of hyperthyroidism, which is an overactive thyroid, can vary by age groups.

Younger people show an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, irregular heart beat, extreme sweating, hand tremors, nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, and increased appetite with weight loss.

Older people with hyperthyroidism experience weakness, sleepiness, are confused, withdrawn, and depressed.

Another thyroid symptom of hyperthyroidism is an enlarged thyroid gland or goiter and bulging eyes.

The thyroid symptoms of hyperthyroidism in general are

• Increased heart rate and blood pressure
• Extreme sweating
• Nervousness and anxiety
• Insomnia
• Increased appetite with weight loss
• Heat sensitivity
• Thinning of your skin
• Feeling hot
• Fine, brittle or thinning hair
• Muscular weakness
• Eye problems
• Menstrual irregularity
• Muscle weakness
• Frequent bowel movements

Even though you may be prescribed prescription medications to correct the imbalance with your thyroid problems, whether it be hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, alternative remedies are also available to help soothe and support the thyroid gland and will work with the entire system to create a healthy balance.

Thyroid - Hyper or Hypo?

Thyroid - Hyper or Hypo? Posted on 18 January 2009 by FWO1. “My body was turning on me. First hyperthyroidism, which sped up my metabolism and left me unable to sleep for days. (Most people lose weight. I didn’t.)

Beyond Postpartum: Thyroid issues

Thyroid disease can surface in someone who has never had thyroid problems before – or in women who have been previously diagnosed with hypo- or hyperthyroidism.

Oprah’s Thyroid Problem Explained

Thus, thyroid autoantibodies are a wild card in the equation and can cause thyroid hormone production to go either in the hypo or hyper direction. The medical profession has extreme difficulty dealing with anyone who has [...]

Postpartum Thyroid

I found that hyper/hypo-thyroidism is very common in postpartum women. In fact a lot of women bounce back and fourth between hyper/hypo and eventually level out in a few months. This article says that 10% of women develop an ongoing [...]

Thyroid gland, how it works, diseases, problems and treatment

Overactivity or underactivity of the gland as may occur with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism is usually reflected in decreased or increased radioiodine uptake.

Author: R. T. Shelly

R.T. Shelly is a health enthusiast who has been researching natural remedies for various health conditions for many years. Find out more about some of the most effective treatments for natural cures for thyroid imbalances at http://www.prescriptiondrugalternative.com/thyroid.htm

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Hypothyroidism most often affects 50 plus aged women. Many may attribute their underactive thyroid signs as simply aging, since they typically develop slowly over time. Periodically testing your thyroid function is highly recommended if you are in this age group.

Untreated hypothyroidism in infants can cause brain damage, leading to mental retardation and developmental delays. Every state in the United States tests newborns for hypothyroidism. The hypothalamus is a brain structure that normally signals the pituitary gland to make thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which causes the thyroid to make thyroid hormones. Some medical problems can affect either the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland, and interrupt the chain of signals from the brain to the thyroid.

What are thyroid hormones?

Thyroid hormones stimulate the metabolism of cells. They are produced by the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located in the lower part of the neck, below the Adam’s apple. The gland wraps around the windpipe (trachea) and has a shape that is similar to a butterfly formed by two wings (lobes) and attached by a middle part (isthmus).

Causes of Hyperthyroidism, the opposite of Hypothyroidism

It is usually associated with other autoimmune endocrinopathies. Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder and it may be occur by the production of auto antibodies that attach to and then stimulate thyroid hormone receptors on the thyroid gland. A goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland and it may  occur due to result of increased stimulation or a response to increased metabolic demand.

Pituitary and Hypothalamic disease

Both the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are involved in the signaling pathways that control the function of the thyroid gland. Diseases of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland can, therefore, affect the amount of thyroid hormone made and secreted by the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism due to pituitary disease is termed “secondary hypothyroidism,” while hypothyroidism due to hypothalamic disease is termed “tertiary hypothyroidism.”

In hypothyroidism, patients can have a wide variety of symptoms but generally there is slowing of metabolic processes. There is a range of hypothyroidism that consists of subclinical to overt hypothyroidism to myxedema. Patient who are older have fewer signs and symptoms and in both young and old patients there is little correlation between clinical and biochemical manifestations

Each individual patient will have any number of these symptoms which will vary with the severity of the thyroid hormone deficiency and the length of time the body has been deprived of the proper amount of hormone. Some patients will have one of these symptoms as their main complaint, while another will not have that problem at all and will be suffering from a different symptom. Most will have a combination of a number of these symptoms. Occasionally, some patients with hypothyroidism have no symptoms at all, or they are just so subtle that they go unnoticed.

What Is Hypothyroidism?

Thyroid problem is generated by malfunctioning of thyroid gland. Malfunctioning of thyroid gland may lead to hyperthyroid which is excessive secretion of [...]

Preventing Hypothyroidism

The signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism vary widely, depending on the severity of the hormone deficiency. At first, you may barely notice the symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as fatigue and sluggishness [...]

You Could Have Hypothyroidism and Not Even Know It

Here’s How to Tell. Do you suffer from low energy levels? Weight gain? Dry skin? Constipation? You could be having thyroid problems.

Hypothyroidism and digestion

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland in the human body is under- active. This results in reduced amounts of the thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland.

Do You Have Hypothyroidism? 15 Warning Signs

Dr. Brent Ridge speaks on the warning signs that you may have hypothyroidism including fatugue, sluggishness, constipation and more [...]

By: User name - Peter Hutch

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Thyroid Imbalance Symptoms

Do you constantly feel tired or exhausted despite getting more than adequate sleep? Do you have trouble remembering things or have poor concentration? Are you often cold, especially at your extremities (hands and feet)? Are your nails and hair dry or brittle? Are you suffering hair loss, dry, flaky skin or cracking on heels, elbows and knees? Are you having extreme difficulty budging that excess weight?

Located just beneath the larynx, the thyroid gland controls metabolic function, activating more than one hundred enzymes responsible for a number of cellular functions, such as weight, skeletal structure, circulation, energy levels, mood, stress, libido, memory, sleep, hair, and nails.

By utilising iodine, found in foods like bread, seafood and salt, the thyroid gland manufactures the hormones, thyroxine and triodothyronine. These hormones send messages to specific organs and tissues, telling the cells within to speed up or reduce their activities of converting food and oxygen into energy, heat and living tissue. With thyroid hormones activating over one hundred cellular enzymes, it’s not surprising that a multitude of problems occur when this gland is not working properly.

Common symptoms associated with an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), as well as those mentioned previously, are slow reflexes, muscle weakness, pain or stiffness in muscles and joints, hoarse or deepening voice, infertility, a lump in the throat or enlarged thyroid gland. Less common symptoms include irregular heartbeat, chest pain, dizziness, rashes and allergies, visual disturbances, dry eyes and mouth, or blood pressure problems.

An abnormally functioning thyroid gland, if left unchecked, may lead to serious health problems, including osteoporosis, high blood pressure and cholesterol levels, congestive heart failure, myxedema (dry swelling of the skin and subcutaneous tissues), loss of mental function, and coma or death in extreme cases. For pregnant women, second trimester miscarriages increase, as do intellectual disabilities in their children.

An underactive thyroid is often caused by a lack of iodine in the diet, especially true in developing countries, but also in western countries where soil is low in iodine. Lack of iodine prevents the thyroid from producing T4, causing the thyroid to enlarge, eventually forming a goitre.

However, low iodine intake is not the only cause of underactive thyroid. The thyroid gland is part of a complex system that includes the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands, liver and kidneys, as well as cytokines. A malfunction in one of these components can result in the thyroid becoming underactive.

Nutritional deficiencies may be an underlying cause in an underactive thyroid. Copper, zinc, and vitamins A, B2, B3, B6 and C, are necessary for T4 production, while selenium and zinc are necessary for conversion of T4 to T3.

Although hypothyroidism can affect every part of the body, not everyone suffers from all the associated symptoms or to the same extent. Genetics, lifestyle, background, human uniqueness, and environment all influence symptoms experienced by individuals, and blood tests alone don’t indicate the exact cause.

Thyroxin replacement is the treatment often used to restore normal levels of thyroid hormones. T3 and T4 need monitoring to maintain correct levels, and if necessary, the thyroxin dosage adjusted. Other medications and nutritional supplements may interfere with thyroxin replacement therapy, so it is important to inform your doctor of anything you take, no matter how insignificant it seems. Once thyroxin replacement has begun, it is usually for life, as it suppresses production of the body’s own thyroid hormones.

Some people with hypothyroidism prefer alternative treatments to thyroxin replacement therapy, partly due to its lifelong dependence. These methods aim to return the thyroid’s normal function using natural methods. Thyromine is one such supplement.

Kelp, rich in iodine, assists in restoring iodine levels required for normal thyroid function. It also contains more than sixty vitamins, minerals and trace elements, as well as being high in protein and fibre. However, too much iodine can inhibit T4 synthesis. The daily iodine requirement from all sources should be no more than 600 international units.

Treatments such as reflexology, kinesiology and chiropractic may be helpful to stimulate thyroid activity. Exercise and a healthy diet are essential. Diet without exercise, even with thyroxin replacement, will be less effective in relieving the effects of hypothyroidism. A weight-reducing diet may further-reduce the metabolism in patients with under-active thyroid as the body tries to conserve energy. Exercise helps prevent the reduction of metabolic rate, therefore a daily exercise programme of thirty to sixty minutes, including aerobic and weight training components, is required.

High quantities of fresh fruit and vegetables, whole grains, seeds and nuts, organic if possible, as well as iodine-rich foods like seawater fish, milk, eggs and seaweed, should form your diet. Although people with food intolerances, like nuts and dairy, should avoid these foods as they have a negative effect thyroid function.

Keep consumption of goitrogens to a minimum because they block iodine uptake by the thyroid gland. These foods include soybean, cabbage, broccoli, peanuts, pine nuts, turnip, and millet.

It is recommended to take a high-quality multi-vitamin supplement containing zinc, copper and selenium (low in Australian soils), as well as vitamins A, B2, B3, B4, B6 and C. Sleeping eight hours a night is also important.

Profound exhaustion, aches and pains, muscle weakness, along with poor digestion make exercise difficult. Digestive disturbances, poor nutrient absorption and bowel disturbances contribute to exhaustion. Poor metabolism often leads to low appetite and poor eating habits. Depression, poor concentration and memory loss also affects well-being.

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